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Monetary Authority of Singapore - Wikipedia

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1History

2List of chairmen

3Policy

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3.1Debt

4Major trading partners of Singapore

5Issuing banknotes and coins

6Strategic initiatives

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6.1ASEAN Financial Innovation Network

6.2Asian Institute of Digital Finance

6.3Singapore FinTech Festival

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Monetary Authority of Singapore

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Singapore's central bank and financial regulatory authority

Monetary Authority of SingaporeHeadquarters10 Shenton Way, MAS Building, Singapore 079117Established1 January 1971; 53 years ago (1971-01-01)OwnershipGovernment of SingaporeKey peopleLawrence Wong (Chairman) Chia Der Juin (Managing Director)Central bank ofSingaporeCurrencySingapore dollar (S$)SGD (ISO 4217)Reserves US$419.1 billion[1]Bank rate3.51% (20 July 2023)[2]Preceded byBoard of Commissioners of CurrencyWebsitewww.mas.gov.sg

The Monetary Authority of Singapore or (MAS), is the central bank and financial regulatory authority of Singapore. It administers the various statutes pertaining to money, banking, insurance, securities and the financial sector in general, as well as currency issuance and manages the foreign-exchange reserves. It was established in 1971 to act as the banker to and as a financial agent of the Government of Singapore.[3]

The body is duly accountable to the Parliament of Singapore through the Minister-in-charge, who is also the Incumbent Chairman of the central bank.

History[edit]

MAS Building on Shenton Way, headquarters of the Monetary Authority of Singapore.

The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) was founded in 1971 to oversee various monetary functions associated with banking and finance. Prior its establishment, monetary functions were performed by government departments and agencies. The acronym MAS resembles mas, the word for 'gold' in Malay, Singapore's national language—although the acronym is pronounced with each of its initial letters.[4]

As Singapore progressed, an increasingly complex banking and monetary environment required more dynamic and coherent monetary administration. Therefore, in 1970, the Parliament of Singapore passed the Monetary Authority of Singapore Act leading to the formation of MAS on 1 January 1971. The act gives MAS the authority to regulate all elements of monetary policy, banking, and finance in Singapore.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, MAS brought forward its bi-annual meeting from some time in April to 30 March.[5] The MAS decided to ease the Singapore dollar's appreciation rate to zero percent, as well as adjust the policy band downwards, the first such move since the Global Financial Crisis. This marks the first time the MAS had taken these two measures together.[6]

Unlike many central banks around the world, the MAS is not independent from the Singapore Government—the MAS is under the purview of the Prime Minister's Office (PMO); chairmen of the MAS were either former or incumbent Minister for Finance. Some includes the former Prime Ministers or the Deputy Prime Ministers.

List of chairmen[edit]

No.

Portrait

Name

Term of office

Hon Sui Sen

January 1971 – July 1980

Goh Keng Swee

August 1980 – January 1985

Richard Hu

January 1985 – December 1997

Lee Hsien Loong

January 1998 – August 2004

Goh Chok Tong

August 2004 – May 2011

Tharman Shanmugaratnam

May 2011 – July 2023[7]

Lawrence Wong

July 2023 – May 2026

Policy[edit]

Since 1981, monetary policy in Singapore is mainly conducted through the management of the exchange rate (rather than inflation targeting) of the Singapore dollar, in order to promote price stability as a basis for sustainable economic growth. The exchange rate is an intermediate target of monetary policy in the context of the small and open Singapore economy (where gross exports and imports of goods and services are more than 300 percent of GDP and almost 40 cents of every Singapore dollar spent domestically is on imports), the exchange rate represents a significantly stronger influence on inflation than the interest rate. As a result, the nominal exchange rate, directly and indirectly, affects a wide range of prices in the Singapore economy, such as import and export prices, wages and rentals, consumer prices and output prices.

MAS controls monetary policy through direct interventions in the foreign exchange markets and bears a stable and predictable relationship with the price stability as the final target of policy, over the medium-term. The Singapore dollar (SGD) is managed against a basket of currencies of Singapore's major trading partners and competitors; the various currencies are assigned weights in accordance with the importance of the country to Singapore's international trading relations (as shown below) and the composition of the basket is revised periodically to take into account any changes in trade patterns.[8]

MAS operates a managed float regime for the Singapore dollar. The tradeweighted exchange rate, which is known as the 'Singapore dollar Nominal Effective Exchange Rate' (S$NEER) is allowed to fluctuate within a policy band; the level and direction of which is announced semi-annually (typically every six months) to the market. The policy band provides a mechanism to accommodate short-term fluctuations in the foreign exchange markets and allows flexibility in managing the exchange rate.

The exchange rate policy band is periodically reviewed by MAS to ensure that the policy band remains consistent with underlying fundamentals of the economy; the path of the exchange rate is continually assessed every 6 months in order to prevent a misalignment in the currency value. A Monetary Policy Statement (MPS) is released by MAS after each review, which provides information on the recent movements of the exchange rate and explaining the forward guidance of future exchange rate policy. MAS would also release an accompanying report, the Macroeconomic Review (MR), which provides detailed information on the assessment of macroeconomic developments and trends in the Singapore economy; the MR is aimed to enhance market and public understanding of the monetary policy stance.

As the MAS utilises the choice of the exchange rate as the intermediate target of monetary policy, this implies that MAS does not have any control over domestic interest rates (and money supply), due to the commonly accepted concept in international economics known as the policy trilemma. In the context of free capital movements, interest rates in Singapore are largely determined by foreign interest rates and investor expectations of the future movements in the Singapore dollar. Singapore domestic interest rates have typically been below U.S. Fed funds interest rates and reflect market expectations of a trend appreciation of the Singapore dollar over time.

The exchange rate has emerged as an effective anti-inflation tool for the Singapore economy. In the twenty years since the exchange rate framework was in place, domestic inflation was relatively low, averaging 1.9% per annum from 1981 to 2010. As a result of the long record of low inflation, expectations of price stability in Singapore have become more entrenched over the years. The exchange rate system has also functioned to mitigate the adverse effects of short-term volatility on the real economy, while at the same time ensuring that the exchange rate remains aligned with economic conditions and fundamentals. The success of the exchange rate system is heavily dependent on the economic fundamentals of Singapore, such as prudent fiscal policy, flexible product and factor markets, sound financial system, and robust domestic corporate sector.

Debt[edit]

Singapore's debts are under the responsibility of MAS. As of 2022, the Singapore Government debt exceeds the country's GDP at about 150%. However, these are not net debts, but gross external debts, which can be traced to the debt liabilities in Singapore's banking sector—a reflection of the country's stature as a major global financial hub. In essence, Singapore borrows to invest, not to spend. Therefore, unlike other countries, Singapore is a net creditor with no debt to anyone, and has a net debt-to-GDP ratio of 0%, maintained for almost three decades since 1995.[9]

Accordingly, Singapore is the only country in Asia with a AAA sovereign credit rating from all major rating agencies.[10] For multiple years, Singapore emerged as the top country in the world with the least-risky credit rating under the Euromoney Country Risk (ECR) rankings, being one of the safest investment destinations.[11][12] The country was also ranked as the freest economy in the world on the Index of Economic Freedom rankings.[13]

Major trading partners of Singapore[edit]

Trade performance with major trading partners[14]

Country / Region

Currency

ISO 4217 Code

Central Bank

Total Merchandise Trade Value with Singapore, 2021 (S$ bil)

% of Singapore Merchandise Trade Total

Total Services Trade Value with Singapore, 2020 (S$ bil)

% of Singapore Services Trade Total

China (Mainland)

Chinese yuan

CNY

People's Bank of China

164.3

14.16

40.0

7.99

Malaysia

Malaysian ringgit

MYR

Bank Negara Malaysia

128.7

11.09

11.4

2.29

United States of America

United States dollar

USD

Federal Reserve

105.7

9.12

101.8

20.35

European Union

Euro (only within Eurozone)

EUR

European Central Bank (only within Eurosystem)

102.0

8.80

67.2

13.43

Taiwan

New Taiwan dollar

TWD

Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan)

99.0

8.61

10.7

2.14

Hong Kong

HKD

Hong Kong Monetary Authority

85.1

7.34

28.7

5.74

Indonesia

Indonesian rupiah

IDR

Bank Indonesia

59.1

5.09

7.6

1.52

South Korea

South Korean won

KRW

Bank of Korea

56.2

4.85

9.7

1.93

Japan

Japanese yen

JPY

Bank of Japan

53.9

4.65

43.8

8.76

Thailand

Thai baht

THB

Bank of Thailand

34.1

2.94

8.1

1.61

Australia

Australian dollar

AUD

Reserve Bank of Australia

27.2

2.35

31.1

6.21

Vietnam

Vietnamese đồng

VND

State Bank of Vietnam

26.9

2.32

6.6

1.33

India

Indian rupee

INR

Reserve Bank of India

26.8

2.31

14.7

2.92

Philippines

Philippine peso

PHP

Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas

23.2

2.00

4.4

0.87

United Arab Emirates

United Arab Emirates dirham

AED

Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates

22.3

1.92

5.1

1.02

Switzerland

Swiss franc

CHF

Swiss National Bank

15.7

1.35

21.7

4.33

United Kingdom

Pound sterling

GBP

Bank of England

13.9

1.20

23.1

4.61

Saudi Arabia

Saudi riyal

SAR

Saudi Central Bank

9.6

0.82

1.2

0.24

Cambodia

Cambodian riel

KHR

National Bank of Cambodia

9.2

0.80

0.4

0.08

New Zealand

New Zealand dollar

NZD

Reserve Bank of New Zealand

3.9

0.34

3.6

0.72

Myanmar

Myanmar kyat

MMK

Central Bank of Myanmar

3.6

0.31

0.7

0.14

Canada

Canadian dollar

CAD

Bank of Canada

3.0

0.26

4.4

0.88

Issuing banknotes and coins[edit]

Following its merger with the Board of Commissioners of Currency on 1 October 2002, the MAS assumed the function of currency issuance.

MAS has the exclusive right to issue banknotes and coins in Singapore. Their dimensions, designs and denominations are determined by the Monetary Policy Committee with Government approval. The banknotes and coins issued have the status of legal tender within the country for all transactions, both public and private, without limitation.

In December 2020, MAS approved digital bank licenses for 4 tech giants, Grab–Singtel consortium, Ant Group, Sea Group, and Greenland Financial consortium.[15] Grab-Singtel and Sea Group were awarded digital full banking licenses, while Ant Group and Greenland Financial were awarded digital wholesale banking licenses.[16] In May 2021, the ability to transfer money between Singapore's PayNow and Thailand's PromptPay was announced.[17]

Strategic initiatives[edit]

ASEAN Financial Innovation Network[edit]

ASEAN Financial Innovation Network (AFIN) is a non-profit organisation, established by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS), ASEAN Bankers Association (ABA), and the International Finance Corporation (IFC), a member of the World Bank Group in 2018. AFIN launched the Application Programming Interface Exchange (APIX), a global fintech marketplace and regulatory sandbox in 2018.[18][19]

Asian Institute of Digital Finance[edit]

Main article: Asian Institute of Digital Finance

The Asian Institute of Digital Finance (AIDF) is a research institute to enhance education, research and entrepreneurship in digital finance.[20] AIDF is a collaboration between the Monetary Authority of Singapore, the National Research Foundation and the National University of Singapore (NUS) and was established in 2021.[20][21]

Singapore FinTech Festival[edit]

Main article: Singapore FinTech Festival

Lee Hsien Loong, Prime Minister of Singapore visiting Singapore FinTech Festival exhibition pavilion with Ravi Menon, managing director, Monetary Authority of Singapore in 2019.

Elevandi (an institution established by MAS) organises Singapore FinTech Festival (SFF) annually in partnership with The Association of Banks in Singapore and in collaboration with SingEx Holdings, to connect the various FinTech communities around the world to interact with each other.[22]

Monetary Authority of Singapore - Exchange Rates

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Exchange Rates

Interest Rates of Banks

and Finance Companies

Start Year

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

End Year

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

Start Month

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

End Month

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Frequency

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Weekly

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To print the list of exchange rates, please select “Download” to retrieve the file for printing.

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S$ Per Unit of:

Euro

Pound Sterling

US Dollar

S$ Per 100 Units of:

Australian Dollar

Canadian Dollar

Chinese Renminbi

Hong Kong Dollar

Indian Rupee

Indonesian Rupiah

Japanese Yen

Korean Won

Malaysian Ringgit

New Taiwan Dollar

New Zealand Dollar

Philippine Peso

Qatar Riyal

Saudi Arabia Riyal

Swiss Franc

Thai Baht

UAE Dirham

Vietnamese Dong

users may wish to utilise the IMF`s exchange rate database for a wider range of currencies.

Related APIs

Exchange Rates - End of Period, Daily

Exchange Rates - End of Period, Yearly

Exchange Rates - End of Period, Monthly

Exchange Rates - End of Period, Weekly

Exchange Rates - Average for Period, Weekly

Exchange Rates - Average for Period, Yearly

Exchange Rates - Average for Period, Monthly

Disclaimer:

(1) These rates are the average of buying and selling interbank rates quoted around midday in Singapore. All rates are obtained, with permission, from Refinitiv and disseminated to the public for information and could differ from those quoted by foreign exchange dealers. The rates are not attributable to MAS and MAS does not warrant and hereby disclaims any warranty as to the accuracy, correctness, reliability, currentness, timeliness or fitness for any particular purpose of the rates.

(2) This website contains a link to the IMF exchange rate website with related information and services which are not maintained by MAS. The link to the IMF exchange rate website is provided as a convenience to the user of this website. MAS shall not be responsible for the contents of the IMF exchange rate website and is not in a position to verify the information or endorse the accuracy or reliability of any of the information or contents contained on, distributed through, or linked, downloaded or accessed from such website. MAS shall also not be responsible for any damages, including direct, indirect, incidental, punitive or consequential damages or loss of any kind whatsoever arising from access to that website. Use of the link to the IMF exchange rate website and access to such linked website is entirely at your own risk.

Note: Average rates for the week and average rates for the month are released on the last business day of the calendar week and calendar month, respectively.

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MAS Directs Remittance Companies to Suspend Remittances to China Through Non-Bank and Non-Card Channels

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2023

MAS Directs Remittance Companies to Suspend Remittances to China...

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Published Date: 18 December 2023

MAS Directs Remittance Companies to Suspend Remittances to China Through Non-Bank and Non-Card Channels

Singapore, 18 December 2023… The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) today issued a Notice directing licensed payment service providers providing cross-border money transfer services (remittance companies) to suspend for the next three months the use of non-bank and non-card channels when transmitting money to persons in the People’s Republic of China (PRC).

2 Specifically, in providing individuals cross-border money transfer services to China, remittance companies in Singapore may engage only a bank or an operator of a card network (e.g. Union Pay International), or a licensed financial institution that has engaged a bank or an operator of a card network, to assist in the transmission of money. This restriction will last for a period of 3 months, from 1 January 2024 to 31 March 2024. It follows reports of remittances to China made by individuals (mostly PRC nationals working here) through remittance companies in Singapore being subsequently frozen in their beneficiaries’ bank accounts in China.

3 To keep transaction costs low for customers, remittance companies engage overseas third-party agents, rather than banks, to complete the remittance from Singapore to China. In the vast majority of cases, the monies sent through these channels are successfully deposited in the beneficiaries’ bank accounts in China.

4 However, in recent months, for a very small proportion of such remittances, the monies received in beneficiaries’ bank accounts have been frozen by the PRC law enforcement agencies. It is not clear why these funds had been frozen. Nonetheless, to minimise risks to consumers remitting funds to China, MAS has decided to temporarily suspend the use of non-bank and non-card channels by remittance companies for money transfers to China. While customers may now have to pay more to remit funds to China, this suspension is necessary for the immediate protection of consumers, and to stem the number of reported new cases of beneficiaries’ accounts in China being frozen.

5 MAS has been actively engaging the remittance companies involved. We have told them to render the necessary assistance to the affected customers and to strengthen their complaints handling process. We have also instructed them to review their existing arrangements with partners for the PRC remittance corridor, in view of these complaints and the impact to their customers.

6 The temporary suspension on the use of non-bank and non-card channels will take effect 14 days from the date of the notice, on 1 January 2024. The 14-day period provides time for the remittance companies to make the necessary changes to their existing practices, and for existing remittances to be completed.

7 MAS cautions members of the public against rushing to remit monies to China through overseas third-party agents during this 14-day period. Individuals should use other channels for remittances into China, such as through banks or card networks, to prevent any inadvertent freezing of monies or accounts. Such channels are offered by the remittance companies and remain available for customers.

8 MAS will continue to closely monitor the situation and practices of remittance companies. MAS may terminate or extend the suspension after 31 March 2024 or take further measures as appropriate.

***

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1Etymology

2History

3Geography

4Administrative divisions

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4.1Provinces

4.1.1Governors and vice governors

4.2Cities

5Demographics

6Economy

7Tourism

8Infrastructure

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8.1Roads and bridges

9References

10External links

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Calabarzon

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Coordinates: 14°00′N 121°30′E / 14°N 121.5°E / 14; 121.5

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Administrative region of the Philippines

For the historical region, see Southern Tagalog.

Region in Luzon, PhilippinesCalabarzon

Southern TagalogRegion

Clockwise (from the top): Aguinaldo Shrine, Taal Volcano, Taal Basilica, Malagonlong Bridge, Pagsanjan FallsMotto: Calabarzon sa Habang Panahon! (Calabarzon Forever!)Location in the PhilippinesOpenStreetMapCoordinates: 14°00′N 121°30′E / 14°N 121.5°E / 14; 121.5Country PhilippinesIsland groupLuzonRegional centerCalamba (Laguna)Largest cityAntipoloArea • Total16,873.31 km2 (6,514.82 sq mi)Highest elevation (Mount Banahaw)2,170 m (7,120 ft)Population (2020 census)[1] • Total16,195,042 • Density960/km2 (2,500/sq mi)Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)ISO 3166 codePH-40Provinces

Batangas

Cavite

Laguna

Quezon

Rizal

Independent cities

Lucena

Component cities

Antipolo

Bacoor

Batangas City

Biñan

Cabuyao

Calaca

Calamba

Carmona

Cavite City

Dasmariñas

General Trias

Imus

Lipa

San Pablo

San Pedro

Santa Rosa

Santo Tomas

Tagaytay

Tanauan

Tayabas

Trece Martires

Municipalities120Barangays4,019Cong. districts19LanguagesTagalogEnglishGDP (2021)₱2.78 trillion$56.5 billion[2]Growth rate (7.6%)[2]HDI 0.795 (High)HDI rank2nd in the Philippines (2019)

Calabarzon (officially stylized in all caps;[3] English: /kɑːlɑːbɑːrˈzɒn/; Tagalog: [kalɐbaɾˈsɔn]), sometimes referred to as Southern Tagalog[4] (Tagalog: Timog Katagalugan[5]) and designated as Region IV‑A, is an administrative region in the Philippines. The region comprises five provinces: Batangas, Cavite, Laguna, Quezon, and Rizal; and one highly urbanized city, Lucena. It is the most populous region in the Philippines according to the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), having over 16.1 million inhabitants in 2020,[6] and is also the country's second most densely populated after the National Capital Region.[6] It is situated southeast of Metro Manila, and is bordered by Manila Bay and South China Sea to the west, Lamon Bay and the Bicol Region to the east, Tayabas Bay and the Sibuyan Sea to the south, and Central Luzon to the north. It is home to places like Mount Makiling near Los Baños, Laguna, and Taal Volcano in Batangas.

Prior to its creation as a region, Calabarzon, together with the Mimaropa region, the province of Aurora, and several parts of Metro Manila, formed the historical region known as Southern Tagalog, until they were separated in 2002 by virtue of Executive Order No. 103.[3]

The history of the area now known as Calabarzon dates back to early historic times.[7] Local historians[8] believe that three of the 10th century place-names mentioned in the Philippines' earliest known written document, the Laguna Copperplate Inscription, pertain to regions or polities (Tagalog: "bayan") along the shores of Laguna de Bay;[9] and some Filipino-Chinese scholars believe the tenth century trading polity known as Ma-i may actually have been the predecessor of the present day town of Bay, Laguna.[10] Since the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines, the region has served as home to some of the most important Philippine historical figures, including the Philippine national hero, José Rizal, who was born in Calamba.

Etymology[edit]

The name of the region is an acronym of its five component provinces: Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal and Quezon.

History[edit]

On June 5, 1901, a convention was called on whether or not the province of Manila should annex the province of Morong, which was found to be unable to be self-sufficient as a province. Eventually, on June 11, Act No. 137 of the First Philippine Commission abolished Morong and created a new province, named after the Philippines' national hero, Jose Rizal, who, coincidentally, was a native of Laguna. The new province comprised 29 municipalities, 17 from Manila and 12 from Morong. In 1902, Macario Sakay, a veteran Katipunan member, established the Tagalog Republic in the mountains of Rizal. Ultimately, Sakay's Tagalog Republic ended in 1906 when he and his men were betrayed under the guise of holding a national assembly aimed at the self-determination of the Filipino people.[11]

On September 7, 1946, the Third Philippine Republic enacted Republic Act No. 14, which renamed the province of Tayabas to Quezon, in honor of Manuel Quezon.[12] Quezon was the second President of the Philippines and a native of Baler (now part of Aurora), formerly one of the towns of Quezon Province. In 1951, the northern part of Quezon became the sub-province Aurora, named after Quezon's wife, also a native of Baler.[13]

On September 24, 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos enacted Presidential Decree No. 1, which organized the provinces into 11 regions as part of Marcos' Integrated Reorganization Plan.[14] The IRP created Region IV, known as the Southern Tagalog region, and was the largest region in the Philippines. At this time, Region IV consisted of Batangas, Cavite, Laguna, Marinduque, Oriental Mindoro, Occidental Mindoro, Quezon, Rizal, Romblon, and Palawan. In 1979, Aurora formally became a province independent of Quezon and was also included in Region IV.[citation needed]

On May 17, 2002, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo signed Executive Order No. 103, which reorganized the Southern Tagalog region. Due to its size, Region IV was split into two separate regions, Region IV-A (Calabarzon) and Region IV-B (Mimaropa). Aurora was transferred to Region III, Central Luzon, the provincial geographic location;[3] the total separation of Aurora from Quezon & transfer of Aurora to Central Luzon were the fulfillment of the wishes of the residents of the original Municipalities of Baler and Casiguran to be truly independent from the Quezon Province for the first time & the result of original formation of Pampanga since the Spanish occupation.[15][16] The next year, Arroyo signed Executive Order No. 246, which declared Calamba as the regional center of the region.[17]

Geography[edit]

Main article: Geography of the Philippines

See also: Cavite § Geography, Laguna § Geography, Batangas § Geography, Rizal (province) § Geography, and Quezon § Geography

The region is the 12th largest region in the Philippines, with an area of 16,873.31 km2 (6,514.82 sq mi). The region itself is relatively flat, but also consists of coastal areas and highlands.[18] It is bordered by Manila Bay in the west, Metro Manila, Bulacan, and Aurora in the north, Lamon Bay and Bicol in the east, and the Isla Verde Passage in the south. Each province in the region is composed of different environments, ranging from low coastal areas to rugged mountainous ones.

Cavite is characterized by rolling hinterlands punctured by hills, with a shoreline bordering Manila Bay and a rugged portion bordering Batangas near Mount Pico de Loro. Tagaytay is located in Cavite, bordering Alfonso, Silang, Calamba, and Santa Rosa. Mount Sungay is the highest peak in the province and can be found in Tagaytay. There are nine islands in Cavite, most notable of which is the island of Corregidor. Historically a site of great strategic importance, Corregidor is found at the mouth of Manila Bay and is under the jurisdiction of Cavite City.

Laguna has rugged terrain, with narrow plains near the shores of Laguna de Bay and mountainous ranges further inland. Laguna de Bay is the largest lake in the Philippines, and is named after the town of Bay. Laguna is also home to Mount Makiling, a dormant volcano near Los Baños reputed for its mystical properties. There are also a lot of hot springs near the Makiling area, especially in San Pablo. Another famous landmark in Laguna are the Pagsanjan Falls, in Cavinti. The water from the Pagsanjan Falls comes from the Bumbungan River. Mount Banahaw borders Laguna and Quezon, and is similarly considered to be a holy mountain like Makiling.

Aerial view of the Taal Volcano

The Batangas area is mostly elevated, with small low flat lands and scattered mountain areas. Batangas is also home to the Taal Volcano, a complex volcano and one of the 16 Decade Volcanoes. The Taal Volcano is situated within Taal Lake, making Taal a third-order island, and possibly one of the largest in the world. Other islands in Batangas are Verde Island, near the Isla Verde Passage, and Fortune Island in Nasugbu. Batangas borders Cavite via Mount Pico de Loro, known for the views that could be found in its summit. Mount Macolod and Mount Batulao can also be found in Batangas.

Rizal is situated north of Laguna de Bay, and consists of a mixture of valleys and mountain ranges, with flat low-lying areas in the western portion of the province near Manila. The eastern portion of Rizal has hills and ridges which form part of the Sierra Madre range. Talim Island, the largest island in Laguna de Bay, is under the jurisdiction of the province of Rizal.

Quezon province is mountainous, with few plains and swamps, and the tail-end of the Sierra Madre running through it. Quezon is a narrow province, with the Tayabas Isthmus comprising the southern part of the province and connecting it to the Bicol Peninsula. The southern part also consists of the Bondoc Peninsula, sandwiched between the Tayabas Bay and Ragay Gulf. The largest islands in Quezon are the Alabat and Polillo islands, which are both located in Lamon Bay, connecting to Calauag Bay of the town of Calauag. Laguna shares a border with Quezon via Mount Banahaw.

Administrative divisions[edit]

Provinces[edit]

Political map of Calabarzon

Calabarzon comprises five provinces, 1 highly urbanized city, 21 component cities and 4,019 barangays.

Province or HUC

Capital

Population (2020)[19]

Area[20]

Density

Cities

Muni.

Barangay

km2

sq mi

/km2

/sq mi

Batangas

Batangas City

18.0%

2,908,494

3,115.05

1,202.73

930

2,400

1,078

Cavite

Imus

26.8%

4,344,829

1,526.28

589.30

2,800

7,300

829

Laguna

Santa Cruz

20.9%

3,382,193

1,928.23

744.49

1,800

4,700

681

Quezon

Lucena †

12.0%

1,950,459

8,743.84

3,376.02

220

570

1,209

Rizal

Antipolo

20.6%

3,330,143

1,182.65

456.62

2,800

7,300

189

Lucena

†

—

1.7%

278,924

80.21

30.97

3,500

9,100

—

Total

16,195,042

16,576.26

6,400.13

980

2,500

122

4,019

† Lucena is a highly urbanized city; figures are excluded from Quezon province.

Governors and vice governors[edit]

Governors and vice governors in Calabarzon

Province

Governor

Vice governor

Name

Map

Image

Name

Party

Image

Name

Party

Cavite

Jonvic Remulla

NUP

Athena Tolentino

NUP

Laguna

Ramil Hernandez

PDP–Laban

Katherine Agapay

PFP

Batangas

Hermilando Mandanas

Mark Leviste

PDP–Laban

Rizal

Nina Ynares

NPC

Reynaldo H. San Juan Jr.

PFP

Quezon

Angelina Tan

Anacleto A. Alcala III

NPC

Cities[edit]

View of the City of Calamba, Laguna

Calabarzon has 22 cities (21 component cities and 1 highly urbanized city of Lucena) in total, making it the region with the most cities amongst the Luzon regions. Antipolo is the most populous city in the region, as well as the 6th most populous city of the whole Philippines, while Bacoor and San Pedro is the most densely populated cities in the whole region. A large section of Calabarzon is considered part of the Greater Manila Area; while Batangas City is the center of the Batangas metropolitan area. The region has a gross regional product of ₱1.65 trillion (at current prices), which accounts for 17% of the national GDP.[21]

On August 7, 2000, the municipality of Los Baños, Laguna, was declared as a "Special Science and Nature City of the Philippines"[22][23] through Presidential Proclamation No. 349[24] in recognition of its importance as a center for science and technology, being home to many prestigious educational, environmental and research institutions. This proclamation does not convert the municipality to a city or give it corporate powers that are accorded to other cities.

† Regional center

City

Population (2020)[19]

Area[25]

Density

City class

Income class

Province

km2

sq mi

/km2

/sq mi

Antipolo[a]

887,399

306.10

118.19

2,900

7,500

Component

1st

Rizal

Bacoor[b]

664,625

46.17

17.83

14,000

36,000

Component

1st

Cavite

Batangas City

351,437

282.96

109.25

1,200

3,100

Component

1st

Batangas

Biñan

407,437

43.50

16.80

9,400

24,000

Component

1st

Laguna

Cabuyao

355,330

43.40

16.76

8,200

21,000

Component

1st

Laguna

Calaca

87,361

114.58

44.24

760

2,000

Component

N/A

Batangas

† Calamba

539,671

149.50

57.72

3,600

9,300

Component

1st

Laguna

Carmona

106,256

29.68

11.46

3,600

9,300

Component

Cavite

Cavite City

100,674

10.89

4.20

9,200

24,000

Component

4th

Cavite

Dasmariñas

703,141

90.13

34.80

7,800

20,000

Component

1st

Cavite

General Trias

450,583

90.01

34.75

5,000

13,000

Component

1st

Cavite

Imus

496,794

53.15

20.52

9,300

24,000

Component

1st

Cavite

Lipa

372,931

209.40

80.85

1,800

4,700

Component

1st

Batangas

Lucena

278,924

80.21

30.97

3,500

9,100

Highly Urbanized

1st

Quezon

San Pablo

285,348

197.56

76.28

1,400

3,600

Component

1st

Laguna

San Pedro

326,001

24.05

9.29

14,000

36,000

Component

1st

Laguna

Santa Rosa

414,812

54.84

21.17

7,600

20,000

Component

1st

Laguna

Santo Tomas

218,500

95.41

36.84

5,900

15,000

Component

1st

Batangas

Tagaytay

85,330

65.00

25.10

1,300

3,400

Component

2nd

Cavite

Tanauan

193,936

107.16

41.37

1,800

4,700

Component

1st

Batangas

Tayabas

112,658

230.95

89.17

490

1,300

Component

6th

Quezon

Trece Martires

210,503

39.10

15.10

5,400

14,000

Component

4th

Cavite

Notes

^ Antipolo was declared a "highly-urbanized city" by President Benigno Aquino; such proclamation however still needs to be ratified in a plebiscite.[26]

^ Bacoor was declared a "highly urbanized city" by President Rodrigo Duterte; such proclamation however still needs to be ratified in a plebiscite.

Demographics[edit]

Population census of CalabarzonYearPop.±% p.a.1903 739,776— 1918 962,856+1.77%1939 1,388,269+1.76%1948 1,592,493+1.54%1960 2,316,173+3.17%YearPop.±% p.a.1970 3,356,327+3.77%1975 3,904,174+3.08%1980 4,603,435+3.35%1990 6,349,452+3.27%1995 7,750,204+3.81%YearPop.±% p.a.2000 9,320,629+4.03%2007 11,757,755+3.26%2010 12,609,803+2.58%2015 14,414,774+2.58%2020 16,195,042+2.32%Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[27][1]

See also: Demographics of the Philippines

Calabarzon has a population of 16.1 million people, the largest of all the regions of the Philippines.[19] The population growth rate between 2000 and 2010 of 3.07% decreased from the growth rate between 1990 and 2000 of 3.91%, a trend which coincided with the rest of the nation. Life expectancy in Calabarzon is 68.9 years for men and 75.2 years for women. There are an estimated 356,000 Overseas Filipino Workers originating from Calabarzon.[28]

A vast majority of people living in Calabarzon are Tagalogs. It is estimated that around 5.8 million Tagalogs live in Region IV-A.[29] Taal, in particular, is considered the "Heartland of Tagalog Culture" and is currently the "center" of the Tagalog culture and people. Calabarzon is also home to a sizable number of people with Chinese and Spanish ancestry on account of Chinese immigration and Spanish colonization, respectively. Because of the large majority of Tagalog natives, the majority of people living in Calabarzon speak the Tagalog language. Filipino, being a version of Tagalog, is predominant in the region, which is spoken as a lingua franca of Tagalog speakers of different dialects. English is also used in Calabarzon. In Cavite, Chavacano, a creole language, was once commonly spoken; however, its usage is now in steep decline, and it is now only spoken by a handful of elderly residents in the province.

The large majority of the population of Calabarzon is a part of the Catholic Church, which accounts for 80% of the national population. Other Christian denominations present in the region are the Iglesia ni Cristo, the Philippine Independent Church and the Seventh-day Adventist Church. There are also Muslims living in Calabarzon, although they are in the minority.

Economy[edit]

Poverty Incidence of Calabarzon

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[30][31][32][33][34][35][36]

Calabarzon is the second largest contributor to the national GDP, accounting for 17% of the gross domestic product. The region boasts a 2.1% inflation rate, lower than the national average of 3%. The region has a 9.2% unemployment rate which is higher than the national average of 7%. Calabarzon, much like the rest of the country, is caught in the middle of being an industrial and an agricultural economy.

Due to the region's proximity to Metro Manila, a large amount of urbanization has taken place over the years. Cavite and Laguna in particular are sites of manufacturing and high-tech industries, with companies like Intel and Panasonic setting up plants in the region. Santa Rosa, Laguna, is home to a host of semi-conductor and automotive companies such as Amkor and Toyota, while General Trias is home to Cavite's largest economic development zone, the PEC Industrial Park.[citation needed]

The region still has a large agricultural base. As of 2002, the region had 282,700 farms, covering 588,500 hectares (1,454,000 acres), or 36.3% of the region's total land area.[37] Cavite alone has almost 70,500 hectares (174,000 acres) of agricultural land. Laguna is home to the International Rice Research Institute, which can be found within the University of the Philippines Los Baños, whose main goal is to find sustainable ways to help rice farmers. Batangas, meanwhile, is home to a large pineapple and coconut industry, which is used to make Barong Tagalogs and lambanog. Quezon is the country's leader in coconut products such as coconut oil and copra. Quezon's towns such as Tayabas City, Mauban and Infanta are also known producers of commercialized native liqueurs such as lambanog and tuba. Rizal is known for its piggeries. Region IV-A's agricultural base, however, is slowly decreasing. Due to their proximity to large bodies of water, Laguna and Batangas also have sizable fishing industries. Taal Lake is a large source of fresh water fishes for the country.

Tourism[edit]

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Main article: Tourism in the Philippines

Rizal Shrine in Calamba, Laguna

Due to the region's history and natural resources, tourism plays a major role in the regional economy. Cavite and Laguna are homes to various historical sites, such as the Rizal Shrine in Calamba,[38] and the Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit.[39][40][41] San Pablo is famous for its seven lakes,[42] Pagsanjan for its majestic waterfalls and both Taal Lake and the historic Taal town in Batangas. Tayabas is known as the City of Festivals, Rest and Recreation Destination of Quezon and famous for lambanog.

The Minor Basilica of Saint Michael Archangel is the religious testaments of the Tayabenses and declared as National Cultural Treasures of the Philippines, the Casa Comunidad de Tayabas, the former office of the then President Manuel Luis Quezon and the place where Hermano Pule was sentenced to death, and the Malagonlong Bridge and the 9 other century-old Spanish arch type and National Cultural Treasure bridges. Local festivals include the Taytsinoy Festival, Mayohan Festival, Pa'yas Festival Hagisan Festival, Baliskog Festival, Angel Festival, Aguyod Festival and the Turumba Festival every Holy Week.

Lucban is most famous for its annual Pahiyas Festival or locally known as Pahiyas, an event not only visited by local tourists but also by international tourists as well. Devotees and pilgrims also visit Lucban's Kamay ni Hesus Shrine, which has a 50-foot statue of the Ascending Christ on top of a hill.[43] Batangas is also famous for its scenic beaches in Nasugbu and Calatagan. Antipolo is another major tourist spot, found in Rizal. The region is also home to a multitude of baroque churches.

Infrastructure[edit]

Roads and bridges[edit]

The Laguna Lake Highway, a joint project of DPWH NCR and Region IV-A, is the widening/rehabilitation at Taytay, Rizal segment, a 3.34-kilometer road.

Currently, there are two more bridges being built - Barkadahan Bridge and Napindan Bridge - which will provide additional 2 lanes crossing over Manggahan Floodway and Pasig River, respectively.[44]

References[edit]

^ a b Census of Population (2015). "Region IV-A (Calabarzon)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved June 20, 2016.

^ a b "Gross Regional Domestic Product". openstat.psa.gov.ph. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved May 20, 2021.

^ a b c "Executive Order No. 1 – Dividing Region IV Into Region IV-A and Region IV-B, Transferring the Province of Aurora to Region III and for Other Purposes". Official Gazette (Philippines). Office of the President of the Philippines. May 17, 2002. Retrieved May 10, 2023.

^ Sources using Calabarzon and Southern Tagalog interchangeably:

Nepomuceno, Priam (January 18, 2021). "3 NPA fronts in Southern Tagalog dismantled". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved May 10, 2023. The military has dismantled three New People's Army (NPA) guerrilla fronts in the Southern Tagalog region... The dismantling of these fronts has put an end to the NPA's terroristic activities in most parts of Region 4-A (Calabarzon).

"Malacañang vows probe on deaths of activists in Calabarzon". CNN Philippines. March 8, 2021. Archived from the original on December 28, 2022. Retrieved May 10, 2023. Malacañang assured the public an investigation is underway on the deaths of activists in the Southern Tagalog region... In his briefing on Monday, Presidential Spokesperson Harry Roque said the government is obligated to probe the killings, which happened during simultaneous police operations in Calabarzon over the weekend.

"Moderate to heavy rains expected in Metro Manila, Calabarzon". ABS-CBN News. October 22, 2022. Retrieved May 10, 2023. Moderate to heavy rains are expected over Metro Manila and southern Tagalog due to the effect of shearline and trough of a low pressure area (LPA)... In its 11 p.m. weather advisory, PAGASA said moderate to heavy with at times intense rains may persist over Metro Manila and Calabarzon.

^ Andal, Rudy (August 2, 2018). "Libong OFWs dumagsa sa DOLE" [Thousands of OFWs flock to DOLE]. Pilipino Star Ngayon (in Tagalog). Retrieved May 10, 2023.

^ a b Census of Population (2020). Table B - Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City, and Municipality - By Region. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved July 8, 2021.

^ Scott, William Henry (1994). Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture and Society. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. ISBN 971-550-135-4.

^ Tiongson, Jaime F. (November 29, 2006). "Pailah is Pila, Laguna". Archived from the original on July 7, 2012. Retrieved November 18, 2011.

^ Dery, Luis Camara (2001). A History of the Inarticulate. Quezon City: New Day Publishers. ISBN 971-10-1069-0.

^ Go, Bon Juan (2005). "Ma'I in Chinese Records - Mindoro or Bai? An Examination of a Historical Puzzle". Philippine Studies. Ateneo de Manila Press. 53 (1): 119–138. Archived from the original on October 21, 2013.

^ Star: The mark of Sakay: The vilified hero of our war with America, retrieved March 9, 2013

^ "An Act to Change the Name of the Province of Tayabas to Quezon". Republic Act No. 14 of September 7, 1946. Retrieved April 12, 2017.

^ "An Act Creating the Subprovince of Aurora, Which Shall Comprise the Municipalities of Baler, Casiguran, Dipaculao and Maria Aurora, Province of Quezon". Republic Act No. 648 of June 14, 1951. Retrieved April 12, 2017.

^ "Reorginazing the Executive Branch of the National Government". Presidential Decree No. 1 of September 24, 1972. Retrieved April 12, 2017. Archived September 28, 2022, at the Wayback Machine

^ "Aurora, Philippines – History". www.aurora.ph. Archived from the original on February 8, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.

^ Tantingco: The Kapampangan in Us

^ "Designating Calamba City as Regional Center of Region IV-A". Executive Order No. 246 of October 28, 2003. Retrieved January 15, 2013. Archived May 22, 2018, at the Wayback Machine

^ "CALABARZON Region and Socio-Economic Profile". Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Archived from the original on May 18, 2017. Retrieved April 12, 2017.

^ a b c Census of Population (2020). "Region IV-A (Calabarzon)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved July 8, 2021.

^ "PSGC Interactive; List of Provinces". Philippine Statistics Authority. Archived from the original on January 11, 2013. Retrieved March 29, 2016.

^ GRDP by Region Archived May 13, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, National Statistical Coordination Board, retrieved March 10, 2013

^ "Los Banos, Laguna - Science and Nature City". Losbanos.gov.ph. Retrieved October 29, 2012.

^ "Information for Prospective Students | University of the Philippines Los Baños". Old.uplb.edu.ph. Archived from the original on November 10, 2012. Retrieved October 29, 2012.

^ "Los Baños". Laguna Travel Guide. September 17, 2000. Archived from the original on December 26, 2013. Retrieved October 29, 2012.

^ "PSGC Interactive; List of Cities". Philippine Statistics Authority. Archived from the original on April 29, 2011. Retrieved March 30, 2016.

^ "Aquino declares Antipolo as Highly Urbanized City". GMA News Online. April 3, 2011. Retrieved September 9, 2014.

^ "Population and Annual Growth Rates for The Philippines and Its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities" (PDF). 2010 Census and Housing Population. Philippine Statistics Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2013. Retrieved August 9, 2013.

^ Quickstat on Region IVA (CALABARZON) - February 2013 Archived April 14, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Philippine Statistics Authority, retrieved March 10, 2013

^ National Commission for Culture and Arts: Tagalog Archived March 29, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, National Commission for Culture and Arts

^ "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.

^ "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. November 29, 2005.

^ "2009 Official Poverty Statistics of the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. February 8, 2011.

^ "Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. August 27, 2016.

^ "Updated Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2015 and 2018". Philippine Statistics Authority. June 4, 2020.

^ A Review of the Agriculture Sector in CALABARZON Archived April 10, 2016, at the Wayback Machine Philippine Statistics Authority, Retrieved March 11, 2013

^ "Fact-checking Calamba's History". ptvnews.ph. Retrieved July 24, 2018.

^ "Cavite: The next culinary destination - The Manila Times Online". www.manilatimes.net. June 29, 2018. Retrieved July 24, 2018.

^ "President Duterte leads Aguinaldo Shrine Independence Day rites". Retrieved July 24, 2018.

^ "Flag City gets glass store upgrade". BusinessMirror. Retrieved July 24, 2018.

^ Cinco, Maricar. "San Pablo wakes up to 7-lakes challenge". Retrieved July 24, 2018.

^ Mallari, Delfin Jr. (March 31, 2018). "3 million devotees, pilgrims visit Kamay ni Hesus Shrine in Lucban". Inquirer.net. Inquirer Interactive Inc. Archived from the original on June 24, 2023. Retrieved June 25, 2023. [...] 50-foot concrete icon of the Risen Christ at the summit of the hill [...]

^ "Laguna Lake Highway". Archived from the original on June 20, 2022. Retrieved August 7, 2019.

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What is The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS)? | Dow Jones

What Is an MAS Degree? | Coursera

Is an MAS Degree? | Coursera

For IndividualsFor BusinessesFor UniversitiesFor GovernmentsExploreOnline DegreesDegreesOnline DegreeExplore Bachelor’s & Master’s degreesMasterTrack™Earn credit towards a Master’s degreeUniversity CertificatesAdvance your career with graduate-level learningFind your New CareerBrowseTop CoursesLog InJoin for FreeListDegreesDegrees by LevelWhat Is an MAS Degree?What Is an MAS Degree?Written by Coursera Staff • Updated on Nov 30, 2023A Master of Applied Science, or MAS degree, is a graduate-level degree that emphasizes practical applications of knowledge and research. This degree is more common in Canada, Australia, and other parts of the world. In the United States, students of science tend to choose graduate degrees that emphasize "pure" sciences like a Master of Science or Master of Engineering. A Master of Applied Science (MAS) degree is a graduate-level degree that emphasizes practical applications of knowledge and research. An MAS may be right for you if you want to build your critical thinking and analysis skills while applying the skills and knowledge to the field you currently work in or plan to pursue. In the United States, you'll find MAS degrees available as professional degrees in agriculture, food, and natural resources. Your course of study should give you valuable insights into your chosen industry as you apply scientific knowledge and undertake research.MAS degree programs explained The purpose of applied sciences is to apply the scientific knowledge available to solve real-world problems and create technological innovations. The purpose differs from pure science, which creates theories and makes discoveries that add to the existing body of knowledge.MAS degree programs encompass a broad range of fields, including biotechnology, business management, communication, engineering, information management, manufacturing, medicine, and sustainability. In application, this coursework focuses on a specific field, like agronomy, materials engineering, national resources management, or patient safety.

Master of Applied Science vs. Master of Science

Both Master of Applied Science and Master of Science degrees can prepare you for your career. However, the scope of each degree differs. The primary purpose of a MAS degree is to prepare the student for real-world work. The Master of Science tends to be a more versatile degree and can serve as a step between a bachelor's degree and a doctorate.

Components of a MAS degree program include study modules, case studies, and career opportunities. You’ll learn background knowledge and theory in the study modules that you can then apply to the case study. For example, if you're studying forensic applied science, you're not just reading about past cases and the tools used to solve crimes; you also have the opportunity to use those tools in the field on your own.

Benefits of a MAS degree

One of the most significant benefits of a MAS degree is its practical applications in the field. As you pursue the degree, you learn many transferable skills, such as:

Solving problemsObserving and applying critical analysisPaying attention to detailCommunicatingProject managementViewing problems from various perspectivesConducting researchGathering informationOrganizing dataDesigning experiments

Best of all, your learning goes beyond merely discussing theory in a classroom and takes place in real-time and in the real world.

Common areas of focus for MAS degrees

As you begin exploring the differences between MAS and MS degrees, you may notice some overlap. This list of common focus areas for MAS degrees could double as a list of MS degrees. The difference is the type of scientific knowledge being applied to the discipline.

Data science

When you study applied data science, you explore the ways humans and technology interact. This field of study can build hands-on skills by applying data science to real-world problems. You'll examine critical insight into data collection, computation, and analytics and learn how to present your solutions.Read more: What Is Data Science? Definition, Examples, Jobs, and More

Agriculture A Master of Applied Science in Agriculture prepares you for work in fields such as agronomy, animal science, food science, and mechanized systems management. Candidates for this degree may not write a thesis. Instead, they may complete a degree project directly related to their career field. Humanitarian health

In a Master of Applied Science in Humanitarian Health, you may focus on public health sectors that need highly skilled professionals. The roles of professionals working in humanitarian fields can change rapidly. This type of degree allows students to explore solutions to public health problems.

Natural science and applied scienceSome schools offer MAS degrees that pair applied and pure sciences in a single degree program. In this pairing, you’ll use interdisciplinary studies to create theories and apply them to the world around you. One example of this specialization is at Missouri State University. You can choose biology, chemistry, geography, and more to create a custom curriculum.

Electrical engineering and applied computing A MAS in Electrical Engineering and Applied Computer prepares you for later study and work in various fields, including biomedical technology, computer and software systems, and energy systems. In this degree work, you will typically design systems people use in their everyday lives and have a significant impact on society.

Getting started in applied sciences

If earning a degree in applied sciences appeals to you, start by choosing a discipline. Then, look for a school that offers a MAS in that field. If your school does not offer an MAS degree in the discipline you want, you may be able to create a similar experience using a different type of degree.For example, you may start working on a Master of Science in Biology and sign up for extra labs or an independent study in which you can test the theories you develop as you work through the course materials. If you don't know which discipline to choose, you can explore different fields through courses available on Coursera. On Coursera, you have access to programs from schools around the world. You can take your time exploring your study options until you find the right discipline for you. Ready to start learning?Join the Coursera Plus community and get unlimited access to over 7,000 courses, hands-on projects, and Professional Certificates on Coursera, taught by top instructors from leading universities and companies.Keep readingUpdated on Nov 30, 2023Written by:CCoursera StaffEditorial TeamCoursera’s editorial team is comprised of highly experienced professional editors, writers, and fact...This content has been made available for informational purposes only. Learners are advised to conduct additional research to ensure that courses and other credentials pursued meet their personal, professional, and financial goals.

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